As global warming intensifies, hot extremes and heavy precipitation frequently happen in East of China. Meanwhile, severe surface ozone (O-3) pollution resulting from the interactions of anthropogenic emissions and meteorological conditions also occur more frequently. In this study, we quantified the impact of weather extremes on ground-level O-3 concentration during the summers of 2015-2021 and associated premature deaths in East of China. The O-3 pollution influenced by hot extremes [maximum 8-h average O-3 concentration (MDA8 O-3) = 152.7 mu g m(-3)] was 64.2% more severe than that associated with heavy rain (MDA8 O-3 = 93 mu g m(-3)) on the daily time scale. The compound hot and dry air extremes had a larger impact, and the associated MDA8 O-3 could be up to 165.5 mu g m(-3). Thus, weather extremes could drastically perturb the O-3 level in the air to exhibit large variability. Based on GEOS-Chem simulations with fixed anthropogenic emissions, forcing of weather extremes could successfully reproduce the large daily variability of O-3 concentration because the weather extremes significantly influenced the physicochemical processes in the atmosphere. Furthermore, hot extremes magnified the single-day O-3-related premature death to 153% of that under other-condition events, while heavy rain events decreased it to 70% in East of China. The findings of the present study have the potential to promote daily to weekly O-3 forecasts and further improve our comprehensive understanding of the health effects of weather extremes and air pollution.