Climate change is a major threat to the health of current and future generations. This paper assesses the current estimations of adverse health outcomes of climate change and explores methodological issues. The study is essentially based on literature review. The estimation of disease burden does not portray an accurate picture of the problem due to methodological constraints on account of de-linking several non-climatic factors. In particular, the developing nations face greater challenges due to poor infrastructure, and lack of institutions and health services. The concept of climate epidemiology can minimize the existing research gap by adapting trans-disciplinary approach and it can establish as a new frontier for health advocacy in the larger context of global environmental change.