Many studies have consistently found associations between respiratory health effects and various types of airborne particles. The goal of this paper is to examine the respiratory health effects of airborne particles exposure and modification due to climate parameters using a case-control retrospective investigation and a time series analysis of data obtained in the same area (Drobeta Turnu-Severin) and two time periods: study- part 1 (1.01.1990-31.12.1997) and study- part 2 (1.01.2000-31.12.2003). We investigated the association between chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), chronic bronchitis and asthma and total suspended particles (TSP) in Study- Part 1 (case and control data representing long-term effects) and in Study- Part 2 (daily hospital admission data as short-term effects which are analyzed with generalized additive models). In Study-Part 1, TSP was identified as a risk factor for COPD in the exposed population, with relative humidity as a protective factor against asthma. Population ageÕs distribution and urban environment resulted as confounding factors. In Study- Part 2, adverse effects of TSP were revealed for chronic bronchitis. Seasons and days of the weeks resulted as important confounding factors. A weak adverse effect of TSP upon chronic bronchitis incidence and hospitalization (disease exacerbation) was identified, at a specific age, 15-64 years, in both study periods. As a conclusion, in the investigated area (Drobeta Turnu-Severin), the respiratory health effects of particles are substantial and modified by climate parameters and seasonality.