Globally, climate change (CC) is a major challenge to the health and lives of people especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. CC is an issue of great importance for public health and socioeconomic equity due to its diverse consequences. In developing nations, women still make up approximately half of the agricultural labor force. SDGs 13 and 5 would be achieved and CC mitigation efforts would rise if more women took part in it. Women should therefore be adequately informed about mitigating measures. However, there is no study regarding the issue among women. Therefore, this study attempted to fill this gap. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1 to 30, 2024 among systematically selected 401 women in Northeastern Ethiopia. Binary logistic regression models at 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to determine the factors affecting the knowledge about the health impacts of CC. From the bi-variable analysis, variables having a P-value < 0.25 were retained into the multivariable analysis. In multivariable analysis, variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Of the total women, 47.4% were between 18 and 30 years, with a mean age of 31 years. This study uses the mean to determine participants knowledge level; those who score the mean or higher are seen as having good knowledge, while those who score below the mean were regarded as having poor knowledge. In the research area, women had good knowledge prevalence about the health impact of CC at 34.4% (95% CI: 29.7–39.4). This research revealed that higher educational level (AOR = 3.46, 95%CI = 1.75–6.85) and using TV/radio as source of information (AOR = 2, 95%CI = 1.24–3.24) were significantly correlated with having good knowledge about the health impact of CC. In the current study, women’s good knowledge about the health impact of CC was very low. This implies the need to support the women through intensive and continuous health information through radio and television.