Climate change is an urgent global issue and anthropogenic influence on the climate system is clear. Climate models project a world with significant increases in the frequency and intensity of climate extremes and natural disasters. Although climate change impacts are not always negative, adverse impacts of climate change will alter the normal conditions of the physical environments, ecosystems, and social environments, and thus threaten the societal sustainable developments and human well-beings. The risks of climate change on human health, ecosystems, economics, agriculture, fishery and forestry have been alerted. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of climate change induced disasters as well as impacts and risks of these disasters. To better understand the climate change impacts, a special issue focusing on Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Assessments incorporates the progresses on global change, regional climate modeling and future projections in the light of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). It focuses on extreme events and natural disasters, and their social and economic impacts as well as advances in predictability over time and space. This special issue covers three aspects of climate change impacts, i.e., natural environments, ecosystems, and social environments.