The review was undertaken from spring 2021 to autumn 2022, reviewing indicators and data sources which were openly available at the time.

A workshop with local authority stakeholders to inform the research was held in May 2021 with 57 participants, including public health professionals, emergency planning leads and sustainability and adaptation officers from local authorities across England.

The National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change and Health is a partnership between the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University College London and the Met Office.