This paper looks at the human health impacts from urban air pollution in India. Such pollution is especially harmful to poor people, so the co-benefits from global climate change policies in terms of reduced local air pollution can have positive equity impacts. Health impacts (mortality and morbidity) of PM(10) pollution are quantified for different socio-economic groups in Delhi. The spatial PM(10) concentration levels are overlaid with spatial socio-economic data. Improvement in air quality would result in bigger health benefits for the poor. Most measures that reduce PM(10) pollutants also reduce CO(2) emissions while simultaneously imposing more costs on the better-off. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.