The Amazon, the world's largest rainforest covering more than 1·6 billion acres1 extends across numerous South American nations—including Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.2 It plays a crucial part in climate stability by storing more than 150 000 billion tons of carbon and accounts for between 15% and 20% of the total freshwater discharge into the Atlantic.3 It is home to approximately 47 million people, including 2·2 million indigenous individuals.3 To these inhabitants, the Amazon provides a wide range of essential services and supplies, plays a pivotal role in regulating the local climate, purifying water sources, and supplying various edible and medicinal plants,4 and serves as a protective barrier for its inhabitants from the spread of vector-borne diseases such as Zika and malaria.5 Despite these crucial roles, the Amazon faces a state of existential crisis.3 Deforestation, wildfires, and environmental degradation pose grave threats to its biodiversity, with the surface and groundwater experiencing rising pollution.