Heat waves with extreme temperatures are increasingly being recognised as an important public health problem, with a need to develop appropriate public health interventions. Although heat waves can not be prevented, their harmful health consequences can be reduced by the development and implementation of early warning systems that target vulnerable regions and populations. This is particularly important for Australian society, given its ageing population structure and vulnerable characteristics of ageing people. In the development of a Heat Health Warning System (HHWS) for ageing population, it is crucial to provide scientific evidences, establishment and then implement the system. More importantly, the right stakeholders should be identified, and publicÕs perception and knowledge about heat waves should be evaluated.