World Economic Forum,

December 17, 2024


1. The impact of climate change on health

 

Our 2024 report Quantifying the Impact of Climate Change on Human Health, in association with Oliver Wyman, explored how climate change will reshape global health over the next two decades.

Failing to mitigate and adapt to climate change will pose our greatest global risk, according to the report, with shifting climate and weather patterns already causing alarming trends. These include rising pathogens, increased pollution, worsening extreme weather and widening health inequities, especially for vulnerable populations with limited access to quality healthcare.

The climate crisis could result in an additional 14.5 million deaths, $12.5 trillion in economic losses, and $1.1 trillion in extra costs to healthcare systems by 2050. Floods, droughts and heatwaves were highlighted as the three most acute climate risks for global health.

The report noted two areas of focus for improving healthcare system resilience: preventing the health impacts of climate change and enhancing recovery from climate events.

The world paid considerable attention to the intersection of climate and health this year, with 2024 seeing a health day held at COP29 for the second time in history. This issue was also a special focus area for the G20 health agenda in 2024.

2. Communicable disease outbreaks

 

2024 saw the rise or return of several infectious diseases, including:

  • Measles cases surged by 20% in 2023, with 10.3 million reported globally, the World Health Organization warned in November, with vaccine misinformation driving the largest drop in childhood vaccinations in 30 years.
  • Mpox was declared a public health emergency by the WHO in August following the discovery of a new ‘clade 1b’ strain of the virus in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Travel-related cases were also reported in Canada, Germany, India, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom and other countries.
  • Since 2021, cases of dengue have doubled, with the WHO reporting over 12.7 million between January and September 2024 – nearly double the number of cases in 2023.

3. How technology is improving health

 

We’ve covered many stories this year on how generative AI is being applied in healthcare to improve research, diagnostics, treatment and other processes.

Patient-First Health with Generative AI: Reshaping the Care Experience, produced by the Forum in collaboration with ZS, focused on key patient-facing generative AI use cases, adoption barriers and actions to overcome them, highlighting six case studies of real-world implementations.

Meanwhile, this article explored how AI can help healthcare systems manage increasing stress and reduce waste, but challenges remain, especially in low- and middle-income countries, including unreliable results and misapplication.

4. Women’s health

 

Despite living longer than men, women spend 25% more of their lives in poor health. That’s just one of the startling stats from a Forum report produced in association with the McKinsey Health Institute.

Closing the Women’s Health Gap: A $1 Trillion Opportunity to Improve Lives and Economies revealed the impact of this gap on society and the global economy, highlighting barriers to health equity as well as ways to move forward and drive action.

Women’s health gap and GDP impact by age groups.

Women’s health gap and GDP impact by age groups.Image: World Economic Forum/McKinsey Health Institute

Progress begins with ensuring women’s voices are central to the health conversation, argued Alaa Murabit of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Forum’s Amira Ghouaibi in this piece on how leaders are championing women’s health.

5. Health and work

 

Given how much time we spend at work, our jobs significantly impact our health and therefore the health of the global economy. In this video, one CEO explains the relationship between poor employee mental health and the bottom line, and the importance of senior executives to improving outcomes for all.