This report outlines the rationale, process and results of a joint research study, coordinated by the World Health Organization, co-chaired by the Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination and the Ministry of Climate Change, and in collaboration with the International Institute of Sustainable Development and leading international and national experts. Four scenarios were modelled to examine the health and economic implications of raising ambition in Pakistan’s Nationally Determined Contribution to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The results of the study indicate that a high ambition scenario, compared with the NDC reference case scenario, would result in a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of approximately 27.5% in 2030. Additionally, these greenhouse gas emissions reductions would significantly improve air quality, which could prevent more than 65 000 deaths annually from ambient air pollution in 2030.