Climate change has been called the most important threat to human health in the 21st century. It is estimated that if the temperature rises and its impact on the other climatic variables continues unchanged, it will kill more than 83 million people (1 percent of the world’s population) in the next 80 years (Watts et al. 2020)—13 times the toll of the COVID-19 pandemic (World Health Organization 2023). Historically, only pandemics or world wars have posed such threats to human health. As a result, the issue has aroused unprecedented attention. In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared climate change the greatest health threat facing humanity (WHO 2021). Now, more than 195 governments have included climate change mitigation and adaptation as pillars in their multi-year plans, and government health sectors have been developing plans to measure and respond to the impact of climate change on health. However, recognition of the links between climate change and health remains nascent, so these efforts have not yet been accompanied by strategic and actionable approaches to measure the impacts and ground the responses. This report contributes to addressing that gap by providing a framework for understanding the impact of climate change on human health in Colombia and by outlining the most effective actions to mitigate the threat.