This Technical Publication contains the forward-looking recommendations of a multidisciplinary, international Expert Group on long-term strategies for thyroid health monitoring after a nuclear power plant accident. As a basis for the recommendations, this publication also summarizes the available scientific evidence on thyroid cancer and experiences from past nuclear accidents. The recommendations are intended to specifically address whether thyroid health monitoring should be implemented in a resident population in the vicinity of a nuclear accident and, if so, how such thyroid health monitoring should be prepared for and implemented in the context of general emergency preparedness for and response to nuclear accidents.